The New Vision of Local Governance and the Evolving Roles of Local Governments

Local government refers to specific institutions or entities created by national constitutions (Brazil, Denmark, France, India, Italy, Japan, Sweden), by state constitutions (Australia, the United States), by ordinary legislation of a higher level of central government (New Zealand, the United Kingdom, most countries), by provincial or state legislation (Canada, Pakistan), or by executive order (China) to deliver a range of specified services to a relatively small geographically delineated area. Local governance is a broader concept and is defined as the formulation and execution of collective action at the local level. Thus, it encompasses the direct and indirect roles of formal institutions of local government and government hierarchies, as well as the roles of informal norms, networks, community organizations, and neighborhood associations in pursuing collective action by defining the framework for citizen-citizen and citizen-state interactions, collective decision making, and delivery of local public services.

Adapting to climate change : the case of rice in Indonesia

There is increasing interest in climate change issues in Indonesia particularly in the lead-up to the COP13 or Copenhagen meeting in Bali in December 2007 when there was renewed focus on Indonesia as the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world due to deforestation, peat-land degradation, and forest fires. In Indonesia, the agriculture sector employs the largest share, 45 percent, of Indonesia's labor and contributes the second largest share, 17.5 percent, of gross domestic product (GDP).

Poverty is a largely rural phenomenon. In 2002, 61 percent of the poor earned their livelihood in the agricultural sector while 63 percent of Indonesia's poor population resided in rural areas.

Strategic and Operational Management of Assets by Public Sector Entities

Asset management is an essential component of good governance in both the public and private sectors, and should be aligned to, and integrated with, an entity's strategic, corporate and financial planning.

For entities which manage large asset holdings, a well-structured, practical asset management framework can assist in providing clarity for stakeholders as to the linkages between asset levels and the outcomes expected of the entity, and thus aid decisions on asset management.

Aset, apa sih ?

Aset merupakan sumber daya ekonomi yang dimiliki dari kegiatan ekonomi di masa lalu, yang dapat memberi manfaat ekonomi atau keuntungan sosial yang akan diperoleh di masa datang diperoleh di masa datang. Sumber daya ekonomi ini mempunyai nilai uang, termasuk sumber non keuangan yang diperlukan untuk kegiatan pelayanan publik. Memperhatikan dari segi nilai sejarah atau budaya, maka sumber daya ini akan dipertahankan.
Memperhatikan dari segi nilai sejarah atau budaya, maka sumber daya ini akan dipertahankan. 

Indonesia is Losing Ground

“‘Well, in OUR country,’ said Alice, still panting a little, ‘you'd generally get to somewhere else—if you ran very fast for a long time, as we've been doing.’

“‘A slow sort of country!' said the Queen. ‘Bow, HERE, you see, it takes all the running YOU can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!’”

Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking Glass

Like Alice in the Red Queen’s race, countries attempting to boost their competitiveness at a time of rapid economic change often find that they have to run as fast as they can simply to stay in the same place. Indonesia is changing, but many of the dynamic economies of East Asia are changing faster. Indonesia is losing ground to China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, India and the Philippines in foreign direct investment flows, manufacturing, infrastructure and education. The only sector in which Indonesia is more internationally integrated than its peers is finance, but economists are divided as to whether early financial market integration is a good thing for development (Kose et al. 2006). Despite some progress, Indonesia’s basic social indicators still lag behind other middle income countries.